Progress in understanding the health promoting effect of egg yolk immunoglobulin

As an important immuneoactive component in eggs, yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) shows great competitiveness in research and production due to its good stability, high safety, low cost, easy availability, strong immune activity, and no drug resistance. This article highlights the significant advantages of IgY as a good antibiotic substitute in the prevention and treatment of viral and bacterial diseases. Also, IgY has great potential in the regulation of nutrient metabolism balance, intestinal microflora and immune homeostasis by affecting key rate-limiting enzymes, and relevant receptors and inflammatory factors specifically. Proper diet and targeted delivery of foodborne IgY may be a new perspective on inflammation regulation, disease control, nutritional balance or homeostasis, and oral microencapsulated IgY is expected to be a new approach against increasing public health emergencies (such as COVID-19 pandemic).

Development of indigestible IgA antibody for restoring microbiome balance

Dysbiosis, especially in the gut plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and multiple sclerosis. At mucosal surfaces, mucosal polymeric immunoglobulin A（IgA）antibodies are known to be important to regulate the gut microbiota as well as to exclude infection induced by pathogenic bacteria or virus such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2）. Since the 1970s, oral administration of IgA or IgG antibodies has been performed against infectious enteritis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli or Clostridioides difficile. However, none of them has been successfully developed as an antibody drug up to now. Although IgA is well known to modulate the gut commensal microbiota, the therapeutic IgA drugs to treat dysbiosis has not been developed. Here, we discuss the advantages of therapeutic IgA antibodies.Alternate :抄録Dysbiosisは、健康な微生物叢と比較した微生物組成の変化であり、腸内微生物多様性の減少および微生物分類群の変化を特徴とする。腸内のdysbiosisはまた、炎症性腸疾患、結腸直腸がん、心血管疾患、肥満、糖尿病および多発性硬化症を含むさまざまな疾患の病因において重要な役割を果たすと提唱されている。腸の多量体免疫グロブリンA（IgA）抗体は、腸内微生物叢を調節するだけではなく、病原性細菌、インフルエンザやSARS-CoV-2（重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2）などのウイルス感染を粘膜部位から排除するのに重要であることが、多くのエビデンスから示されている。1970年代以降、治療用IgAまたはIgGの経口投与試験が、主に病原性大腸菌またはディフィシル菌によって引き起こされる感染性腸炎を治療するために行われてきた。しかし、現在まで臨床応用として開発に成功したものはない。腸内病原体に対する防御機能に加えて、IgAは腸内共生微生物叢を調節して共生に導くことがよく知られているが、dysbiosisを治療するためのIgA治療薬の開発も進んでいない。本稿では、治療用IgA抗体の利点とその開発について議論する。

Development of Equipment for Air Decontamination in the Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems of Public Buildings with the Use of the Photocatalysis and Plasmochemistry Methods

Introduction. Seasonal waves of SARS outbreaks, including COVID-19, necessitate the development of measures to create health-safe conditions in crowded places.Problem Statement. The existing supply and exhaust systems of the centralized heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) do not protect against infection, moreover, they serve as a source for the accumulation and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Finding effective ways to clean the air in places of mass gathering of people as a component of anti-epidemic measures is an urgent task. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop and create equipment for cleaning and disinfecting air from airborne pathogenic microflora in the HVAC systems, which can be installed in the centralized ventilation systems of buildings without their reconstruction and modifications in technological parameters. Material and Methods. A complex of physical and chemical methods, which includes analytical and experimental techniques with the use of the theory of electrogas dynamics of dispersed systems and the raster scanning microscopy methods, and the methods for comparing the same quality indicators of specimens and initial samples have been used.Results. To study the efficiency of both the individual plasma-chemical , photocatalytic modules, as well as the equipment as a whole under the operating conditions that simulate those of the centralized ventilation system, an experimental stand has been created. The optimal technological parameters of the processes for raising the efficiency of air disinfection and purification in the HVAC systems by the plasma photocatalysis methods have been determined. Technical solutions for increasing the energy efficiency of the experimental stand for the complex air purification and disinfection from a wide class of air pollutants in the supply and exhaust ventilation systems of buildings have been proposed.ent, as well as to determine the required level of innova-tion factor by maximizing the hidden innovation capacity.Conclusions. Air disinfection by the method of combined plasma-photocatalytic effect on the air flow with a system for catalytic-thermal decomposition of excess ozone ensures effectively removing pollutants and allows reducing the microbiological contamination of the air to a safe level.

Characteristics of Respiratory Tract Bacterial Microflora Detected in Patients Suffering from Community-Acquired Pneumonia during Continuing Spread of the New Coronavirus Infection in Khabarovsk City (December 2020 - March 2021)

Objective of the research - to specify respiratory tract bacterial microflora in patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) during initial and repeat examination. To determine local factors affecting microflora in the cohort examined. Materials and methods. Surveillance subject - 241 patients with CAP differed by their status and age who stayed in two healthcare facilities of the Khabarovsk city. Examination of respiratory smears was performed. Results. Indices of Gram-negative enterobacteria (30.8% [22.6-39.7%]) and Gram-negative nonfermentable bacteria (14.5% [8.6-21.7%]), isolated from patients hospitalized in healthcare institution No. 1 and mostly comprised of the elderly (aged over 61 years - 82.0%;74.3-88.6%) with more severe disease state including patients at the ICU, were higher compared to data obtained from healthcare institution No. 2 (19.8% (13.4-27.0);6.1% (2.7-10.8) respectively). Prevalent pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae - 13.6% (7.8-20.6) and 10.7% (6.0-16.5). Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii complex 6.4% (2.6-11.7) and 3.1% (0.8-6.7) - should be also noted. A high percentage of drug-resistant bacterial variants was observed and for Klebsiella pneumoniae totaled 66.7% (41.8-87.4) and 57.1% (32.2-80.2) at the healthcare institutions No. 1 and No. 2, respectively. A. baumannii complex drug resistant variants were found in 85.7% (52.7-99.97) at healthcare institution No. 1. All isolates of A. baumannii complex at the healthcare institution No. 2 were drug resistant. High prevalence of Candida spp. was revealed in both healthcare institutions reaching 54.5% (45.2-63.7) and 58.0% (49.5-66.3), respectively, with minimal detection rate of classic pathogens such as S. pneumoniae - 5.4% (2.0-10.4) and 5.3% (2.1-9.8) and H. influenzae - 3.6% (0.9-7.9) and 3.8% (1.2-7.7), respectively. Repeat examination of 122 patients conducted 7-10 days later showed diverse changes in microflora spectrum regardless of the healthcare institution that was manifested as loss or emergence of drug-resistant variants as well as simultaneous presence of different variants of the same pathogen. Conclusion. The results obtained evidence about complexity and variety of mechanisms underlying microorganism community formation during the course of infectious process in patients. Local factors influencing microflora characteristics of patients at the two healthcare institutions were revealed.

Beneficial Flavonoid in Foods and Anti-obesity Effect

Obesity is a global health problem. In the past decades, the prevalence rate of obesity has risen sharply in epidemiology. Obesity has become an increasingly severe epidemic burden linked with different kinds of diseases, consisting of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and even in COVID-19. Beneficial flavonoids in foods, as functional ingredients, combat obesity and maintain energy balance through multiple mechanisms. This review provides a brief overview of biological targets, possible mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions including suppressing appetite, increasing energy consumption, regulating gut microbiota, inhibiting adipogenesis, anti-inflammation. In vitro and in vivo experiments as well as available clinical evidence related to the anti-obesity effects of pure flavonoid and flavonoid-rich extracts are also summarized and depicted. Furthermore, the metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids are also concluded and discussed. Beneficial flavonoids have become promising candidates for treating and avoiding obesity, but poor bioavailability and short elimination half-life affects the absorption and efficacy. This paper reviews the different types of flavonoids and their potential effect of preventing obesity, which provide the basis for further research.

Methodology, efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating inflammatory bowel disease

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as an emerging therapy, can be used to treat microbiota related diseases. Progresses in donor screening, washed microbiota preparation, microbiota delivery routes, clinical administrative strategies, and long-term safety are moving FMT forward. Increasing clinical studies, especially those randomized controlled trials about ulcerative colitis and pilot real-word studies about serious inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have been conducted. This review presents the latest findings about the efficacy, safety and methodology of FMT in treating IBD.Copyright © 2020 The Authors

Airway microbiota profiles associated with total lung capacity after severe COVID-19

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection induces disturbed airway microbiota during the acute phase of infection that may contribute to persistence of long-term pulmonary sequelae. To date it is unclear if the presence of a disrupted microbiota following severe disease is linked to long-term pulmonary function impairment. This one-year follow-up study investigated the association between airway microbiota and lung function after severe COVID-19. Method(s): In the Swiss COVID Lung study (NCT04581135), we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on upper respiratory tract specimen obtained by oropharyngeal swabs 3 to 12 months after hospitalisation from 72 subjects (total samples n = 169) with severe COVID-19. Subjects underwent 1 - 3 follow-up visits during which lung function testing was performed to investigate correlation with the richness and composition of airway microbiota. Result(s): Total lung capacity (TLC) was negatively correlated with bacterial richness (p = 0.0081). Recovered COVID-19 subjects with ongoing respiratory impairment (TLC < 80%) showed low phylum heterogeneity with a majority of the dominant taxa being Bacteroidetes (64% of the 50 most abundant taxa in the group). In contrast, the phylum with the largest number of dominant taxa in subjects with TLC >= 80% was Firmicutes (48% of the 50 most abundant taxa in the group). Conclusion(s): Patients with impaired total lung capacity between 3 and 12 months after severe COVID-19 have a distinct oropharyngeal microbiota from those with restored total lung capacity. Future studies need to assess the contribution of microbiota to lung function impairment after severe COVID-19, as airway microbiota analysis may assist monitoring of sequelae and recovery.

Role of neglected parasitic diseases in the era of COVID-19 pandemics

There are some doubts about the exact relationship between neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) and COVID-19 disease, which remains to be clearly defined. The present review summarized the effect of parasitic infections as the risk factors or protective agents in the COVID-19 pandemic. Parasites could proficiently modulate immune responses. Thus, parasitic infections could have a different impact on the incidence and clinical severity of COVID-19 in different regions of the world. Also, restoring programs to prevent, treat, and control NIDs, in particular helminths, could help in reducing the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in endemic areas and help to increase vaccination effectiveness. Changes in the gut microbiome associated with helminth infection may have systemic immunomodulatory effects toward suppressing host immune responses, reducing vaccine efficacy and increasing the severity of other infectious diseases. The cytokine storm observed in severe cases of COVID-19 is characterized by a predominance of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. However, it is possible that helminth infection could change the outcome of infection by modifying the Th2 response to limit the inflammatory component;this would be particularly apparent in areas endemic for helminthic infections, which suggests a possible protective effect against COVID-19. Because parasitic infections affect more than 2 billion people throughout the world, their impact on COVID-19- associated effects on public health could be considerable. Further studies with larger sample sizes would be needed to explore the possible role of neglected parasitic infections in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of the Two in-Patient Hospitals on Potential Environmental Hazard during the Period of New Coronavirus Infection in the Khabarovsk City (December 2020 - March 2021)

Microbiological monitoring after infectious diseases in the system of epidemiological surveillance implies simultaneous pathogen identification both among patients and in hospital environment. Our aim is to assess potential hospital environmental hazard for the two in-patient infectious disease hospitals of the Khabarovsk city by using bacteriological and epidemiological analysis during new coronavirus disease pandemic. Materials and methods. Bacteriological assessment of nasopharyngeal microflora in 241 patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia that were hospitalized in the two prevention and treatment facilities of the Khabarovsk city was performed. Sanitary-bacteriological control of hospital environment (428 hospital environment samples and 91 air samples) was carried out in parallel. Bacteriological assessment was performed with classical methods. Identification of isolated bacteriological pathogens and evaluation of drug-resistant strains were carried out by utilizing bacteriological analyzer Vitek 2 Compact. Results. Nine different pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus haemolyticus) were isolated in 20 out of 428 samples - 4.7% [2.7-6.7]. Half of isolated agents - 2.3% [0.9-3.8] - were represented by drug-resistant isolates (10 out of 20 isolates) including 5 carbapenem-resistant isolates (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 5 isolates with multiple drug resistance (Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus haemolyticus). Air samples contained pathogenic biological agents found in 6 out of 91 samples - 6.6% [1.5-11.7], and half of them - 3.3% [0.6-7.9] - were identified as drug-resistant variants, including S. aureus. S. haemolyticus. One of the surveyed hospitals was recognized as more hazardous due to microflora isolated from intensive care unit (A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were resistant to 3rd- 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems). Conclusion. Revealed circulation of wide range of microorganisms isolated from environment of two in-patient hospitals indicates high risk of healthcare-associated infections formation. Intensive care units can serve as a reservoir of healthcare-associated infections due to high percentage of patients with severe disease cases ("main reservoir" of drug-resistant strains).

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) in poultry feed

The species, herbs, vegetables, and some plants have a role as growth promoters in broiler diets to improve the efficiency of the growth conversion and reduce the cost of feed. Adding herbal plants as growth promoters in broiler diets improves their feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, and body weight gain. Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus, syn. Syzygium aromaticum) is considered as a spice and appetizer. It contains 10% volatile oil, most of which is eugenol. Clove extract is commonly used in the food industry because of its unique aroma and natural safety. In addition, clove essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial properties. Antiseptic, appetite and digestion stimulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of clove and its ingredients have been reported. However, clove essential oil has been studied by very few as a performance enhancer of poultry. The discussion will cover those preventing specific pathogenic microorganisms and increasing some beneficial microorganisms in intestinal microflora. Regarding the role of clove as feedstuff and the role of clove as an alternative additive, the mechanisms are beginning to be understood. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A CASE OF SARS-COV-2 ASSOCIATED WITH QUADRUPLE BACTERIAL COINFECTION

SESSION TITLE: COVID-19 Co-Infections SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with co-infecting pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Little has been reported about community acquired atypical bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2. We present a case of a patient with recent COVID-19 pneumonia and diagnosis of Legionella and Mycoplasma pneumonia, in addition of E. coli and C. perfringens bacteremia, that emphasizes SARS-CoV-2 impact in human immunity and the need to consider community acquired infections. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old male with history of hypertension, alcohol use disorder, iron deficiency anemia, and recent COVID-19 pneumonia presented to the ED with shortness of breath, dark urine, and increased confusion. The patient was admitted to the hospital a week prior with COVID-19 pneumonia and acute kidney injury. He received dexamethasone, remdesivir, and IV fluids. After 8 days, he was discharged home. Upon evaluation, he was afebrile and normotensive, but tachycardic, 129/min, on 4 L of nasal cannula sating 100%. On exam, the patient was oriented only to person and had decreased breath sounds bilaterally. Labs revealed an elevated WBC, 15.3 K/mcL, with left shift, low Hgb, 7.8 g/dL, with low MCV, 61 fL, increased BUN/Cr, 56 mg/dL and 2.8 mg/dL, and an abnormal hepatic panel, AST 121 U/L, ALT 45 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 153 U/L. Ammonia, GGT, CPK and lactic acid were within normal range;but the D-dimer and procalcitonin were elevated, 4618 ng/mL and 25.12 ng/mL, respectively. A urinalysis showed gross pyuria, positive leukocyte esterase and mild proteinuria. CT head showed no acute abnormalities, but the chest X-Ray revealed a hazy opacity in the left mid and lower lung, followed by a CT chest that demonstrated peripheral and lower lobe ground glass opacities and a CT abdomen that showed right sided perinephric and periureteral stranding. Given increased risk for thromboembolism, a VQ scan was done being negative for pulmonary embolism. The patient was admitted with acute metabolic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, transaminitis, pyelonephritis and concern for hospital acquired pneumonia. Vancomycin, cefepime and metronidazole were ordered. HIV screen was negative. COVID-19 PCR, Legionella urine antigen and Mycoplasma IgG and IgM serologies were positive. Blood cultures grew E. coli and C. perfringens. Infectious Disease and Gastroenterology were consulted. The patient was started on azithromycin and a colonoscopy was done showing only diverticulosis. After an extended hospital course, the patient was cleared for discharge, without oxygen needs, to a nursing home with appropriate follow up. DISCUSSION: Co-infection with bacteria causing atypical pneumonia and bacteremia should be considered in patients with recent or current SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS: Prompt identification of co-existing pathogens can promote a safe and evidence-based approach to the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2. Reference #1: Alhuofie S. (2021). An Elderly COVID-19 Patient with Community-Acquired Legionella and Mycoplasma Coinfections: A Rare Case Report. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(11), 1598. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111598 Reference #2: Hoque, M. N., Akter, S., Mishu, I. D., Islam, M. R., Rahman, M. S., Akhter, M., Islam, I., Hasan, M. M., Rahaman, M. M., Sultana, M., Islam, T., & Hossain, M. A. (2021). Microbial co-infections in COVID-19: Associated microbiota and underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. Microbial pathogenesis, 156, 104941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104941 Reference #3: Zhu, X., Ge, Y., Wu, T., Zhao, K., Chen, Y., Wu, B., Zhu, F., Zhu, B., & Cui, L. (2020). Co-infection with respiratory pathogens among COVID-2019 cases. Virus research, 285, 198005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198005 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Albert Chang No relevant relationships by Eric Chang No relevant relationships by KOMAL KAUR No relevant relationships by Katiria Pintor Jime ez

Use of Probiotics in Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients after a New Coronavirus Infection

As of January 2022, 343 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 were reported globally. COVID-19 is a multi-faceted, multi-systemic illness in which all age groups are susceptible. A number of research findings have shown that COVID-19 is associated with dysbiosis, leading to the development of local and systemic pathologies. It was found that the use of probiotics in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19 reduces the severity of the disease and the development of complications. According to the researchers, several mechanisms could explain the therapeutic effect of probiotics, including the ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine formation and modulate the functional activity of the immune system. In Russia, probiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are only used to correct diarrhea, while literature suggests that probiotics have much greater therapeutic potential. Introducing oral bacterial therapy into the treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients requires further clinical trials. © 2022 Rostovskii Gosudarstvennyi Meditsinskii Universitet. All rights reserved.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT BACTERIAL MICROFLORA DETECTED IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA DURING CONTINUING SPREAD OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN KHABAROVSK CITY (DECEMBER 2020 — MARCH 2021).

Objective of the research — to specify respiratory tract bacterial microflora in patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) during initial and repeat examination. To determine local factors affecting microflora in the cohort examined. Materials and methods. Surveillance subject — 241 patients with CAP differed by their status and age who stayed in two healthcare facilities of the Khabarovsk city. Examination of respiratory smears was performed. Results. Indices of Gram-negative enterobacteria (30.8% [22.6–39.7%]) and Gram-negative nonfermentable bacteria (14.5% [8.6–21.7%]), isolated from patients hospitalized in healthcare institution No. 1 and mostly comprised of the elderly (aged over 61 years — 82.0%;74.3–88.6%) with more severe disease state including patients at the ICU, were higher compared to data obtained from healthcare institution No. 2 (19.8% (13.4–27.0);6.1% (2.7–10.8) respectively). Prevalent pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae — 13.6% (7.8–20.6) and 10.7% (6.0–16.5). Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii complex — 6.4% (2.6–11.7) and 3.1% (0.8–6.7) — should be also noted. A high percentage of drug-resistant bacterial variants was observed and for Klebsiella pneumoniae totaled 66.7% (41.8–87.4) and 57.1% (32.2–80.2) at the healthcare institutions No. 1 and No. 2, respectively. A. baumannii complex drug resistant variants were found in 85.7% (52.7–99.97) at healthcare institution No. 1. All isolates of A. baumannii complex at the healthcare institution No. 2 were drug resistant. High prevalence of Candida spp. was revealed in both healthcare institutions reaching 54.5% (45.2–63.7) and 58.0% (49.5–66.3), respectively, with minimal detection rate of classic pathogens such as S. pneumoniae — 5.4% (2.0–10.4) and 5.3% (2.1–9.8) and H. influenzae — 3.6% (0.9–7.9) and 3.8% (1.2–7.7), respectively. Repeat examination of 122 patients conducted 7–10 days later showed diverse changes in microflora spectrum regardless of the healthcare institution that was manifested as loss or emergence of drug-resistant variants as well as simultaneous presence of different variants of the same pathogen. Conclusion. The results obtained evidence about complexity and variety of mechanisms underlying microorganism community formation during the course of infectious process in patients. Local factors influencing microflora characteristics of patients at the two healthcare institutions were revealed. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Цель исследования — определить бактериальную микрофлору респираторного тракта больных внебольничной пневмонией (ВП) при их первичном и повторном обследовании, выявить локальные факторы, влияющие на показатели микрофлоры у наблюдаемого контингента. Объект наблюдения — 241 больной ВП из двух лечебных учреждений г. Хабаровска, различающихся по статусу и возрастному составу пациентов. Исследованы респираторные мазки. В ЛПУ № 1, в котором сосредоточены пациенты старше 61 года — 82,0% (74,3–88,6) с более тяжелым течением болезни, в том числе пациенты РАО, показатели выявления грамотрицательных энтеробактерий — 30,8% (22,6–39,7) и неферментирующих грамотрицательных бактерий — 14,5% (8,6–21,7) были выше по сравнению с ЛПУ № 2 — 19,8% (13,4–27,0) и 6,1% (2,7–10,8) соответственно группам возбудителей. Ведущий возбудитель в обоих ЛПУ — Klebsiella pneumoniae — 13,6% (7,8–20,6) и 10,7% (6,0–16,5). Следует отметить регистрацию Acinetobacter baumannii complex — 6,4% (2,6–11,7) и 3,1% (0,8–6,7). Характерна высокая доля участия лекарственноустойчивых вариантов — 66,7% (41,8–87,4) и 57,1% (32,2–80,2) для K. pneumoniae, в ЛПУ № 1 и ЛПУ № 2 соответственно, и для A. baumannii complex — в ЛПУ № 1 их вклад составил 85,7% (52,7–99,97), в ЛПУ № 2 все изоляты имели лекарственную устойчивость. В обоих ЛПУ у больных отмечены высокие показатели выявления грибов рода Candida — 54,5% (45,2–63,7) и 58,0% (49,5–66,3) соответственно, и минимальные уровни классических возбудителей: S. pneumoniae — 5,4% (2,0–10,4) и 5,3% (2,1–9,8) и H. influenzae — 3,6% (0,9–7,9) и 3,8% (1,2–7,7) соответственно. Через 7–10 дней при повторном обследовании 122 больных отмечено разнонаправленное из менение микрофлоры, независимое от статуса ЛПУ, и проявляющееся как по линии утраты лекарственноустойчивых вариантов, так и в приобретении их или одновременном присутствии разных вариантов одного возбудителя. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о сложности и множественности механизмов формирования популяции микроорганизмов в динамике инфекционного процесса у больного. Выявлены локальные факторы, влияющие на показатели микрофлоры больных в двух лечебных учреждениях. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Russian Journal of Infection & Immunity is the property of National Electronic-Information Consortium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

We don't know everything (we know) about dogs

This article highlights information on the beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity of dogs, effects of grass consumption, and the breeding and care of dogs.

The potential use of probiotics in alleviating psychological symptoms of long covid-19

IDDF2022-ABS-0207 Figure 1ConclusionsA potential connection exists between the psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome. These findings also provide insights on probiotics as a potential adjunctive treatment to conventional psychotropic medications in alleviating psychiatric sequelae post COVID-19.